Luck is when opportunity meets preparation. After a painful decade of underperformance, we see the stars are aligned for Indonesia to outperform. Commodity supercycle, the rotation from growth to value stocks, investors pivoting to other markets after China tech clampdown, and rising geopolitical tension are favourable backdrops for Indonesia. Having Indonesia as our home turf allows us to see internal reforms happening at the margin that will amplify this external tailwind. Indonesia 2.0 is a rediscovery that will surprise you in many ways.
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Published: Apr 21 2022
Luck is when opportunity meets preparation. After a painful decade of underperformance, we see the stars are aligned for Indonesia to outperform. Commodity supercycle, the rotation from growth to value stocks, investors pivoting to other markets after China tech clampdown, and rising geopolitical tension are favourable backdrops for Indonesia. Having Indonesia as our home turf allows us to see internal reforms happening at the margin that will amplify this external tailwind. Indonesia 2.0 is a rediscovery that will surprise you in many ways.
Admin heyokha
Feedback for Us
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labor.
Everyone has a plan ‘till they get punched in the mouth. This frequently cited quote by Mike Tyson gains more relevance today. Politicians may aspire with plans to increase their odds of being elected. Greening economy projects, waging war against inequality, exerting political dominance over other countries, and other populist policies are some of the examples. However, all these means nothing if their leadership fails to bring food on the table.
In our past blog (link), we pointed out how supply chain issues, tight agriculture market, energy crisis, and geopolitical tension crystallised in the great rally of ammonia and fertiliser prices. If we consider the factors at play, this might be the warning shot of an upcoming food crisis.
Skyrocketing food prices have been associated with social unrest and we are at all-time high
Source: Lagi, et al. (2011)
It is pretty straight forward why high and volatile food prices could destabilise a society. Food is both essential and have a significant share of our daily spending. Based on 2018 Euromonitor data, food on average accounted for 28.7% of consumer spending in 51 countries throughout the globe. For some countries like Bangladesh, Myanmar, Kenya and Ethiopia, this figure can be as high as 53% to 59% .
There are anecdotal evidence in the past whereby food problems led into social unrest. In 1789, the famine led French peasants to storm the Bastille prison and ended up overturning the French empire. In the modern era, the high food prices in 2008 and 2011 sparked numerous civil unrests in the Middle East.
Before the recent boom, commodities were the sucker’s bet of the last decade. At the start of its gracious fall in the 2010s, the substantial commodity investments in the 2000s left the world with abundant stocks of commodities. This time around, the prolonged relaxed financial conditions and minimum investments in this sector drift the world into the opposite setting. There is a lot of liquidity, yet so few goods.
If we consider commodity as a currency of its own, we are seeing where Gresham’s rule of bad money drives out good money in action. The rapid expansion of liquidity without a respective production expansion of commodities led to the appreciation of the latter.
Today, food prices already exceeded the highs of 2011 and are yet to lose their steam.
Source: Bloomberg
Countries are taking food protectionism measures to stabilise domestic food prices
We find the severity of the potential food crisis cannot be underestimated. Case in point would be the magnitude of Russia-Ukraine war in escalating this matter.
Both Russia and Ukraine play significant roles in the agriculture or fertiliser market. Russia is the biggest exporter of wheat (18% of global export) and a major exporter of sunflower oil (18% of global export) and fertilizers (20% of global ammonia export). On the other hand, Ukraine is also a major exporter of wheat (15% of global export) and the biggest sunflower oil exporter (37.5% of global export).
The prolonged Russia-Ukraine conflict adversely impacts both near and long-term supply. Near-term supply has been affected because of the logistical hurdles made by the war. The future supply is at risk because Ukraine might miss this spring planting season. The ramifications of sudden drop in food exports at a time of tight stock will be painful and costly to bear by the rest of the world.
For some countries, such as those in the African continent, food affordability and availability will become major issues. From the following graph, we could see how Russia and Ukraine war could jeopardise the procurement of wheat in Africa.
Source: UNCTAD (March 2022)
This concern over food insecurity gained the spotlight in the world’s most populated country, China. During the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference on 7 March 2022, China President Xi Jinping underscored the importance of food security and ordered greater self-reliance in its production. Below was his speech as quoted by South China Morning Post:
“Vigilance in food security must not slacken, we must not think that food ceases being an issue after industrialisation, and we cannot count on international supplies to solve the problem… We must plan ahead by adhering to the principles of domestic production and self-reliance while ensuring an appropriate level of imports and technology-backed development… the rice bowls of the Chinese people are filled with Chinese grain”
There is no smoke without fire. The mounting food security risk is even more visible with the spreading food protectionism measures. China, Russia, Ukraine, Algeria, Hungary, Moldova, Turkey, Egypt, Serbia, and Indonesia are growing list of countries that curbs food or fertiliser exports.
A resource-rich country like Indonesia may fare better in facing a food crisis
Source: World Bank & United Nations
Indonesia has adequate resiliency in the mounting food insecurity globally. In terms of food production, the country is well-known to have a 59% share in global palm oil production. This vegetable oil is extremely efficient. Palm oil supplies 40% of the world’s vegetable oil demand with only 6% of land used for vegetable oils. These economics made the commodity simply irreplaceable.
Furthermore, the USDA ranked Indonesia as the fourth biggest producer of rice with a 7% global market share. This country is also ranked the twelfth largest producer of corn with 1% global market share.
Given this natural advantage, Indonesia is inherently a net exporter of foods. The skyrocketing price of global food prices would suggest that the country will see its surplus widen. As such, Indonesia should benefit from either relative resiliency in inflation or a widening trade surplus.
According to The Economist’s research on the food security index 2021, Indonesia ranked 37th of 113 countries globally in terms of the availability of food supply. Ample land for production, low volatility of production, and strong food security policies and agency are reasons why Indonesia fared well on this subject.
Furthermore, Indonesia’s food security improvement between 2012 and 2021 ranks 24th among world countries. Based on our past on-the-ground observation, infrastructures development and strengthening of food security policies and enforcement are the reasons for the improvement. We discussed more detail about Indonesia infrastructure development in our Q1 2019 report (link).
We think that Indonesia’s resiliency in food security is pretty much reflected in the marginal food cost increase relative to the global average from 2010-to 2021.
Source: Global Food Security Index (2021)
In the world of commodities shortage and abundant liquidity, those who own the former will stand to benefit. Besides food, Indonesia produces lots of commodities and has been regarded as resource-rich land for decades. How will the booming commodity market affect Indonesia? How it be different this time? Stay tuned to our blog!
Admin heyokha
Feedback for Us
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labor.
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Published: Apr 21 2022
Everyone has a plan ‘till they get punched in the mouth. This frequently cited quote by Mike Tyson gains more relevance today. Politicians may aspire with plans to increase their odds of being elected. Greening economy projects, waging war against inequality, exerting political dominance over other countries, and other populist policies are some of the examples. However, all these means nothing if their leadership fails to bring food on the table.
In our past blog (link), we pointed out how supply chain issues, tight agriculture market, energy crisis, and geopolitical tension crystallised in the great rally of ammonia and fertiliser prices. If we consider the factors at play, this might be the warning shot of an upcoming food crisis.
Skyrocketing food prices have been associated with social unrest and we are at all-time high
Source: Lagi, et al. (2011)
It is pretty straight forward why high and volatile food prices could destabilise a society. Food is both essential and have a significant share of our daily spending. Based on 2018 Euromonitor data, food on average accounted for 28.7% of consumer spending in 51 countries throughout the globe. For some countries like Bangladesh, Myanmar, Kenya and Ethiopia, this figure can be as high as 53% to 59% .
There are anecdotal evidence in the past whereby food problems led into social unrest. In 1789, the famine led French peasants to storm the Bastille prison and ended up overturning the French empire. In the modern era, the high food prices in 2008 and 2011 sparked numerous civil unrests in the Middle East.
Before the recent boom, commodities were the sucker’s bet of the last decade. At the start of its gracious fall in the 2010s, the substantial commodity investments in the 2000s left the world with abundant stocks of commodities. This time around, the prolonged relaxed financial conditions and minimum investments in this sector drift the world into the opposite setting. There is a lot of liquidity, yet so few goods.
If we consider commodity as a currency of its own, we are seeing where Gresham’s rule of bad money drives out good money in action. The rapid expansion of liquidity without a respective production expansion of commodities led to the appreciation of the latter.
Today, food prices already exceeded the highs of 2011 and are yet to lose their steam.
Source: Bloomberg
Countries are taking food protectionism measures to stabilise domestic food prices
We find the severity of the potential food crisis cannot be underestimated. Case in point would be the magnitude of Russia-Ukraine war in escalating this matter.
Both Russia and Ukraine play significant roles in the agriculture or fertiliser market. Russia is the biggest exporter of wheat (18% of global export) and a major exporter of sunflower oil (18% of global export) and fertilizers (20% of global ammonia export). On the other hand, Ukraine is also a major exporter of wheat (15% of global export) and the biggest sunflower oil exporter (37.5% of global export).
The prolonged Russia-Ukraine conflict adversely impacts both near and long-term supply. Near-term supply has been affected because of the logistical hurdles made by the war. The future supply is at risk because Ukraine might miss this spring planting season. The ramifications of sudden drop in food exports at a time of tight stock will be painful and costly to bear by the rest of the world.
For some countries, such as those in the African continent, food affordability and availability will become major issues. From the following graph, we could see how Russia and Ukraine war could jeopardise the procurement of wheat in Africa.
Source: UNCTAD (March 2022)
This concern over food insecurity gained the spotlight in the world’s most populated country, China. During the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference on 7 March 2022, China President Xi Jinping underscored the importance of food security and ordered greater self-reliance in its production. Below was his speech as quoted by South China Morning Post:
“Vigilance in food security must not slacken, we must not think that food ceases being an issue after industrialisation, and we cannot count on international supplies to solve the problem… We must plan ahead by adhering to the principles of domestic production and self-reliance while ensuring an appropriate level of imports and technology-backed development… the rice bowls of the Chinese people are filled with Chinese grain”
There is no smoke without fire. The mounting food security risk is even more visible with the spreading food protectionism measures. China, Russia, Ukraine, Algeria, Hungary, Moldova, Turkey, Egypt, Serbia, and Indonesia are growing list of countries that curbs food or fertiliser exports.
A resource-rich country like Indonesia may fare better in facing a food crisis
Source: World Bank & United Nations
Indonesia has adequate resiliency in the mounting food insecurity globally. In terms of food production, the country is well-known to have a 59% share in global palm oil production. This vegetable oil is extremely efficient. Palm oil supplies 40% of the world’s vegetable oil demand with only 6% of land used for vegetable oils. These economics made the commodity simply irreplaceable.
Furthermore, the USDA ranked Indonesia as the fourth biggest producer of rice with a 7% global market share. This country is also ranked the twelfth largest producer of corn with 1% global market share.
Given this natural advantage, Indonesia is inherently a net exporter of foods. The skyrocketing price of global food prices would suggest that the country will see its surplus widen. As such, Indonesia should benefit from either relative resiliency in inflation or a widening trade surplus.
According to The Economist’s research on the food security index 2021, Indonesia ranked 37th of 113 countries globally in terms of the availability of food supply. Ample land for production, low volatility of production, and strong food security policies and agency are reasons why Indonesia fared well on this subject.
Furthermore, Indonesia’s food security improvement between 2012 and 2021 ranks 24th among world countries. Based on our past on-the-ground observation, infrastructures development and strengthening of food security policies and enforcement are the reasons for the improvement. We discussed more detail about Indonesia infrastructure development in our Q1 2019 report (link).
We think that Indonesia’s resiliency in food security is pretty much reflected in the marginal food cost increase relative to the global average from 2010-to 2021.
Source: Global Food Security Index (2021)
In the world of commodities shortage and abundant liquidity, those who own the former will stand to benefit. Besides food, Indonesia produces lots of commodities and has been regarded as resource-rich land for decades. How will the booming commodity market affect Indonesia? How it be different this time? Stay tuned to our blog!
Admin heyokha
Feedback for Us
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labor.
While China’s push in technology is hardly news, its rising tensions with the West have sped up their need to become less dependent on foreign technology. In its 14th Five-Year Plan on Digital Economy, China’s leaders emphasise, once again, their ambitions for the country to seize the leading position in the global technology race. The plan highlights China’s intention to boosts its global competitiveness in advanced technologies such as semiconductors and artificial intelligence. And blockchain was listed as a “key digital technology” alongside AI and cloud computing, which we coined as the “ABC”.
China’s Ambition in Blockchain Begins with Digital Currency
Over the past decades, China’s technological advances have mixed performance. While leading in 5G deployment, it lags behind western countries in technologies with more strategic positions, such as artificial intelligence and semiconductors. The catch up race has been painful and costly. However, China may have indeed established a strong head start when it comes to blockchain.
While the initial concept of blockchain technology is underpinned by its decentralised nature, China’s version is different. It is a centralised operation which guarantees complete state control over the development and application of the technology. China’s drive for blockchain technology goes beyond economic ambitions. The technology essentially allows for effective government surveillance capabilities at both micro and macro levels.
The Chinese government has been investing in the financial application of the blockchain technology. The development of the digital yuan is among the core strategic priorities. The large scale domestic rollout of the digital yuan would align with Beijing’s push for financial security. The use of its CBDC not only increases its ability to monitor financial activity and tackle illicit activities, it provides Beijing an independent source of valuable customer data, meaning they will no longer need to obtain customer information from payment companies to monitor citizens’ transaction.
Image credit: TechNode/Jiayi Shi
But the Ambition Goes Far Beyond Digital Currency
The digital yuan is positioned to serve as the infrastructure for the country’s international economic agenda which is underpinned by the expansion of a China-centric digital ecosystem that encompasses technologies such as 5G, IoT, AI and big data. And since blockchain run on the internet, it is imaginable that China will try to control the underlying communication protocol, domestic national cloud infrastructure and AI at the same time. However, the government is having a difficult time censoring and controlling the exchange of information between computers due to the distributed nature underpinning TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol), the communication protocol that governs how data moves around the Internet.
Noting this stumbling block, Huawei proposed the “New IP” to replace TCP/IP. The New IP proposal emerged at a 2019 meeting of the International Telecommunication Union, a UN agency responsible for all matters related to information and communication technologies. The New IP is designed to offer more efficient addressing and network management than the existing TCP/IP standard, but it is likely to come with hooks that allow authoritarian nations to censor and surveil their residents, including features such as a “shut up command”. The new model is said to replace current centralised parts of the internet, such as Domain Name system (DNS), with Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) solutions. However, as aforementioned, the blockchain technology proposed by China is likely to differ from commonly known definition of the technology, decentralisation is out of the question in China, but advanced adoptions of the ABC can be expected in areas ranging from energy conservation to urban management and law enforcement.
Cities of the Future
The government sees blockchain as a key pillar of its smart city infrastructure initiative that is currently being built across China. A smart city is an ideological term that refers to the development of cities that utilises advanced digital technologies including the likes of blockchain and IoT, as well as robotics and AI to optimise urban management and services including road network management, public health, energy generation, communication and food safety. Local tech giants including Alibaba and Tencent are also heavily involved in supporting the development.
At present, there are 11 regions in China using blockchain technology to build a smart city system. Among them, the Xiongan New Area (possible future capital) was the first to be transformed into an intelligent city prototype. In 2018, Ant Financial, serving as the core blockchain technology provider, launched the blockchain rental application platform in Xiongan. This means that individuals will have their own credit score based on their rental related record. Blockchain also became an integral part of Shanghai’s smart city program, where it helps to collect and store vast quantities of data to assess optimisation levels for garbage classification management. The blend of blockchain with other technologies within the smart city ecosystem is likely to expand as China’s ambitious aspirations to take the lead on blockchain meets its equally ambitious aspirations to accelerate itssmart city development.
Xiongan Railway Station of the Beijing-Xiongan intercity railway in Xiongan New Area, north China’s Hebei Province.
Image credit: Xinhua/Xing Guangli
Invest in the ABC Before They Change the World
The above are only a few examples among the many use cases of blockchain in China. The Chinese government’s approach towards blockchain and its integration with other cutting-edge technologies provides it a first-mover advantage over other countries that are yet to make a move in this field.
Having said that, it may be many years till the country reaches notable success in the advance technology sphere given it is still far from technological self-sufficiency and remains reliant on foreign technologies such as chips design and manufacturing. China will likely face stiffer challenges in acquiring foreign technologies such as on semiconductors due to growing western consensus to curb its access. Its roadmap to becoming a global leader in critical technologies of the future will require the integration of advanced technologies which will be crucial to the development of other advanced industrial sectors. As such, the ABC strategy may present profitable opportunities in years to come as countries increasingly dedicate resources in technology sector as part of their national strategic plans.
Admin heyokha
Feedback for Us
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labor.
Share
Published: Apr 15 2022
While China’s push in technology is hardly news, its rising tensions with the West have sped up their need to become less dependent on foreign technology. In its 14th Five-Year Plan on Digital Economy, China’s leaders emphasise, once again, their ambitions for the country to seize the leading position in the global technology race. The plan highlights China’s intention to boosts its global competitiveness in advanced technologies such as semiconductors and artificial intelligence. And blockchain was listed as a “key digital technology” alongside AI and cloud computing, which we coined as the “ABC”.
China’s Ambition in Blockchain Begins with Digital Currency
Over the past decades, China’s technological advances have mixed performance. While leading in 5G deployment, it lags behind western countries in technologies with more strategic positions, such as artificial intelligence and semiconductors. The catch up race has been painful and costly. However, China may have indeed established a strong head start when it comes to blockchain.
While the initial concept of blockchain technology is underpinned by its decentralised nature, China’s version is different. It is a centralised operation which guarantees complete state control over the development and application of the technology. China’s drive for blockchain technology goes beyond economic ambitions. The technology essentially allows for effective government surveillance capabilities at both micro and macro levels.
The Chinese government has been investing in the financial application of the blockchain technology. The development of the digital yuan is among the core strategic priorities. The large scale domestic rollout of the digital yuan would align with Beijing’s push for financial security. The use of its CBDC not only increases its ability to monitor financial activity and tackle illicit activities, it provides Beijing an independent source of valuable customer data, meaning they will no longer need to obtain customer information from payment companies to monitor citizens’ transaction.
Image credit: TechNode/Jiayi Shi
But the Ambition Goes Far Beyond Digital Currency
The digital yuan is positioned to serve as the infrastructure for the country’s international economic agenda which is underpinned by the expansion of a China-centric digital ecosystem that encompasses technologies such as 5G, IoT, AI and big data. And since blockchain run on the internet, it is imaginable that China will try to control the underlying communication protocol, domestic national cloud infrastructure and AI at the same time. However, the government is having a difficult time censoring and controlling the exchange of information between computers due to the distributed nature underpinning TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol), the communication protocol that governs how data moves around the Internet.
Noting this stumbling block, Huawei proposed the “New IP” to replace TCP/IP. The New IP proposal emerged at a 2019 meeting of the International Telecommunication Union, a UN agency responsible for all matters related to information and communication technologies. The New IP is designed to offer more efficient addressing and network management than the existing TCP/IP standard, but it is likely to come with hooks that allow authoritarian nations to censor and surveil their residents, including features such as a “shut up command”. The new model is said to replace current centralised parts of the internet, such as Domain Name system (DNS), with Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) solutions. However, as aforementioned, the blockchain technology proposed by China is likely to differ from commonly known definition of the technology, decentralisation is out of the question in China, but advanced adoptions of the ABC can be expected in areas ranging from energy conservation to urban management and law enforcement.
Cities of the Future
The government sees blockchain as a key pillar of its smart city infrastructure initiative that is currently being built across China. A smart city is an ideological term that refers to the development of cities that utilises advanced digital technologies including the likes of blockchain and IoT, as well as robotics and AI to optimise urban management and services including road network management, public health, energy generation, communication and food safety. Local tech giants including Alibaba and Tencent are also heavily involved in supporting the development.
At present, there are 11 regions in China using blockchain technology to build a smart city system. Among them, the Xiongan New Area (possible future capital) was the first to be transformed into an intelligent city prototype. In 2018, Ant Financial, serving as the core blockchain technology provider, launched the blockchain rental application platform in Xiongan. This means that individuals will have their own credit score based on their rental related record. Blockchain also became an integral part of Shanghai’s smart city program, where it helps to collect and store vast quantities of data to assess optimisation levels for garbage classification management. The blend of blockchain with other technologies within the smart city ecosystem is likely to expand as China’s ambitious aspirations to take the lead on blockchain meets its equally ambitious aspirations to accelerate itssmart city development.
Xiongan Railway Station of the Beijing-Xiongan intercity railway in Xiongan New Area, north China’s Hebei Province.
Image credit: Xinhua/Xing Guangli
Invest in the ABC Before They Change the World
The above are only a few examples among the many use cases of blockchain in China. The Chinese government’s approach towards blockchain and its integration with other cutting-edge technologies provides it a first-mover advantage over other countries that are yet to make a move in this field.
Having said that, it may be many years till the country reaches notable success in the advance technology sphere given it is still far from technological self-sufficiency and remains reliant on foreign technologies such as chips design and manufacturing. China will likely face stiffer challenges in acquiring foreign technologies such as on semiconductors due to growing western consensus to curb its access. Its roadmap to becoming a global leader in critical technologies of the future will require the integration of advanced technologies which will be crucial to the development of other advanced industrial sectors. As such, the ABC strategy may present profitable opportunities in years to come as countries increasingly dedicate resources in technology sector as part of their national strategic plans.
Admin heyokha
Feedback for Us
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The Company may automatically collect information about you from computer or internet browser through the use of cookies, pixel tags, and other similar technologies to enhance the user experience on its websites.
Third parties may be used to collect personal data and information indirectly through monitoring activities conducted by the Company or on its behalf.
Company does not knowingly collect personal data from anyone under the age of 18 and does not seek to collect or process sensitive information unless required or permitted by law and with express consent.
Uses of your Personal Data:
We may use your personal data for the purposes it was provided and in connection with our services as described below:
Provide products/services or info as requested or expected.
Fulfill agreements and facilitate business dealings.
Manage relationships, analyse websites and communications, and merge personal data for relevance.
Support and improve existing products/services, and plan/develop new ones.
Count/recognize website visitors and analyse usage.
To comply with and assess compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations and internal policies and procedures.
Use information for any other purpose with consent.
Protection of Personal Information:
We provide thorough training to our officers and employees to prevent the leakage or inappropriate use of personal information and provide information on a need-to-know basis. Managers in charge for controls and inspections are appointed, and appropriate control systems are established to ensure the privacy and security of personal information.
In the event that personal information is provided to an external contractor (e.g.: Administrator), we take responsibility for ensuring that the external contractor has proper systems in place to protect the privacy of personal information.
Third parties disclosure of Personal Information:
Personal information held by us relating to an individual will be kept confidential but may be provided to third parties the following purpose:
Comply with applicable laws or legal processes.
Investigate and prevent illegal activity, fraud, or violations of terms and conditions.
Protect and defend legal rights or defend against legal claims.
Facilitate business or asset transactions, such as financing, mergers, acquisitions, or bankruptcy.
With our related parties (e.g.: administrators) that are subject to appropriate data protection obligations
Representatives, agents or custodians appointed by the client (e.g.: Auditors, accountant)
Retention of Personal Information:
Disclosure, correction and termination of usage shall be carried out upon request of an individual in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.
Personal information collected will be retained for no longer than is necessary for the fulfilment of the purposes for which it was collected as per applicable laws and regulations.
Rights of the Individual:
Under relevant laws and regulations, any individual has the right to request access to any of the personal data that we hold by submitting a written request. Individuals are also entitled to request to correct, cancel or delete any of the personal data we hold if they believe such information is inaccurate, out of date or we no longer have a legitimate interest or lawful justification to retain or process.
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Disclaimer
Heyokha Brothers Limited is the issuer of this website and holds Type 4 (advising on securities) and Type 9 (asset management) licenses issued by the Securities and Futures Commission in Hong Kong.
The information provided on this website has been prepared solely for licensed intermediaries and qualified investors in Hong Kong, including professional investors, institutional investors, and accredited investors (as defined under the Securities and Futures Ordinance). The information provided on this website is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice, nor an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security, investment product, or service.
Investment involves risk and investors may lose their entire investment. Investors are advised to seek professional advice before making any investment decisions. Past performance is not indicative of future performance and the value of investments may fluctuate. Please refer to the offering document(s) for details, including the investment objectives, risk factors, and fees and charges.
Heyokha Brothers Limited reserves the right to amend, update, or remove any information on this website at any time without notice. By accessing and using this website, you agree to be bound by the above terms and conditions.
You must read the following information before proceeding. By accessing this website and any pages thereof, you acknowledge that you have read the following information and accept the terms and conditions set out below and agree to be bound by such terms and conditions. If you do not agree to such terms and conditions, please do not access this website or any pages thereof.
The website has been prepared by Heyokha Brothers Limited and is solely intended for informational purposes and should not be construed as an inducement to purchase or sell any security, product, service, or investment. The Site does not solicit an offer to buy or sell any financial instrument or enter into any agreement. It is important to note that the opinions expressed on the Site are not considered investment advice, and it is recommended that individuals seek independent advice as needed to address their specific objectives, financial situation, or needs. It is the responsibility of the persons who access this website to observe all applicable laws and regulations.
The Site offers general information exclusively and does not consider the individual circumstances of any person. The data, opinions, and estimates presented on the Site are current as of the publication date and are subject to changes without notice. Additionally, it is possible that such information may become obsolete with time.
Intended Users
The content presented on this website is exclusively intended for authorized intermediaries and qualified investors within Hong Kong, such as institutional investors, professional investors, and accredited investors (as defined under the SFO). It is not intended for retail investors or individuals located outside of Hong Kong.
The products and services mentioned on this website may or may not be authorized or registered for distribution in a particular jurisdiction and may not be suitable for all investor types. It is important to note that this website is not intended to constitute an offer or solicitation, nor is it directed toward individuals if the provider of the information is prohibited by any law of any jurisdiction from making the information available. Moreover, the website is not intended for any use that would violate local laws or regulations. The provider of the information is not permitted to promote any products or services mentioned on this website in jurisdictions where such promotion would be prohibited.
If you are not a qualified investor or licensed intermediary in Hong Kong, you should not proceed any further.
No Investment Advice
The information provided on this Website is for informational purposes only and should not be considered as investment advice or a recommendation to buy, sell, hold, or transact in any investment. It is strongly recommended that individuals seek professional investment advice before making any investment decisions.
The information presented on this Website does not consider the investment objectives, specific needs, or financial situations of any investor. It is important to note that nothing on this Website is intended to constitute financial, legal, accounting, or tax advice.
Before making any investment decision, individuals should carefully consider whether an investment aligns with their investment objectives, specific needs, and financial situation. This should also include informing oneself of any potential tax implications, legal requirements, foreign exchange restrictions, or exchange control requirements that may be relevant to an investment based on the laws of one’s citizenship, residence, or domicile. If there is any doubt regarding the information on this Website, it is recommended that individuals seek independent professional financial advice.
It is important to note that any opinion, comment, article, financial analysis, market forecast, market commentary, or other information published on the Website is not binding on Heyokha or its affiliates, and they are not responsible for the information, opinions, or ideas presented.
Obligations and Resposibilities of Users
Users are solely responsible for protecting and backing up their data and equipment, as well as taking reasonable precautions against any computer virus or other destructive elements. Additionally, users must ensure that their access to the Site is adequately secured against unauthorized access.
Users are prohibited from using the Site for any unlawful, defamatory, offensive, abusive, indecent, menacing, or threatening purposes, or in any way that infringes upon intellectual property rights or confidentiality obligations. Furthermore, users may not use the Site to cause annoyance, inconvenience, or anxiety to others, or in any way that violates any applicable laws or regulations.
Users must comply with any terms notified to them by third-party suppliers of data or services to the Site. This may include entering into a direct agreement with such third parties in respect of their use of the dat
Third-Party Content
This website may contain Third Party Content or links to websites maintained by third parties that are not affiliated with Heyokha. Heyokha does not participate in the preparation, adoption, or editing of such third-party materials and does not endorse or approve such content, either explicitly or implicitly. Any opinions or recommendations expressed on third party materials are solely those of the independent providers and not of Heyokha. Heyokha is not responsible for any errors or omissions relating to specific information provided by any third party.
Although Heyokha aims to provide accurate and timely information to users, neither Heyokha nor the Third-Party Content providers guarantee on the accuracy, timeliness, completeness, usefulness, or any other aspect of the information presented. Heyokha is not responsible or liable for any content, including advertising, products, or other materials on or available from third party sites. Users access and use Third Party content is at their own risk, and it is provided for informational purposes only. Both Heyokha and the Third-Party shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising from users’ reliance upon such information.
Intellectual Property Rights
The content of this website is subject to copyright and other intellectual property laws. All trademarks, service marks, logos, and brand features displayed on the website are owned by their respective owners, except as explicitly noted. Users may use the information on this website and reproduce it for personal reference only. However, reproduction, distribution, transmission, incorporation in any other database, document, or material, and sale or distribution of any part of the contents of the website is strictly prohibited. Users may download or print individual sections of the website for personal use and information only, provided they are legally entitled to access the material and retain all copyright and other proprietary notices.
Any unauthorized use of the content, trademarks, service marks, or logos displayed on the website may violate copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws, as well as laws of privacy and publicity and communications. Any reference or link to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favouring by our company.
We provide such references or links solely for the convenience of our users and to provide additional information. Our company is not responsible for the accuracy, legality, or content of any external website or resource linked to or referenced from our website. Users are solely responsible for complying with the terms and conditions of any external websites or resources.
Cookies
In order to enhance user experience and simplify future visits, this website may utilize cookies to track your activity. However, if you do not want to store cookies on your device, you can disable them by adjusting your browser’s security settings.
Data Privacy
Please read our Privacy Statement before providing Heyokha with any personal information on this website. By providing any personal information on this website, you will be deemed to have read and accepted our Privacy Statement.
Use of Website
The information contained on the website is accurate only as of the date of publication and does not constitute investment advice or recommendations. While certain tools available on the website may provide general investment or financial analyses based upon personalized input, such results are for information purposes only, and users should refer to the assumptions and limitations relevant to the use of such tools as set out on the website. Users are solely responsible for determining whether any investment, security or strategy, or any other product or service is appropriate or suitable for them based on their investment objectives and personal and financial situation. Users should consult their independent professional advisers if they have any questions. Any person considering an investment should seek independent advice on the suitability or otherwise of the particular investment.
Disclaimer of Liability Heyokha makes no warranty as to the accuracy, completeness, security, and confidentiality of information available through the website. Heyokha, its affiliates, directors, officers, or employees accept no liability for any errors or omissions relating to information available through the website or for any damages, losses or expenses arising in connection with the website, whether direct or indirect, arising from the use of the website or its contents. Heyokha also reserves the right to modify, suspend, or discontinue the website at any time without notice. Heyokha shall not be liable for any such modification, suspension, or discontinuance.
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Data Privacy Terms and Conditions
Personal Information Collection Statement:
Pursuant to the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (the ‘Ordinance’), Heyokha Brothers Limited is fully committed to safeguarding the privacy and security of personal information in compliance with all relevant laws and regulations. This statement outlines how we collect, use, and protect personal information provided to us.
Collection of Personal Information:
We collect and maintain personal information, in a manner consistent with all relevant laws and regulations. We take necessary measures to ensure that personal information is correct and up to date. Personal information will only be used for the purpose of utilization and will not be disclosed to third parties (except our related parties e.g.: Administrators) without consent from the individual, except for justifiable grounds as required by laws and regulations.
We may collect various types of personal data from or about you, including:
Your name
Your user names and passwords
Contact information, including address, email address and/or telephone number
Information relating to your engagement with material that we publish or otherwise provide to you
Records of our interactions with you, including any messages you send us, your comments and questions and any other information you choose to provide.
The Company may automatically collect information about you from computer or internet browser through the use of cookies, pixel tags, and other similar technologies to enhance the user experience on its websites.
Third parties may be used to collect personal data and information indirectly through monitoring activities conducted by the Company or on its behalf.
Company does not knowingly collect personal data from anyone under the age of 18 and does not seek to collect or process sensitive information unless required or permitted by law and with express consent.
Uses of your Personal Data:
We may use your personal data for the purposes it was provided and in connection with our services as described below:
Provide products/services or info as requested or expected.
Fulfill agreements and facilitate business dealings.
Manage relationships, analyse websites and communications, and merge personal data for relevance.
Support and improve existing products/services, and plan/develop new ones.
Count/recognize website visitors and analyse usage.
To comply with and assess compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations and internal policies and procedures.
Use information for any other purpose with consent.
Protection of Personal Information:
We provide thorough training to our officers and employees to prevent the leakage or inappropriate use of personal information and provide information on a need-to-know basis. Managers in charge for controls and inspections are appointed, and appropriate control systems are established to ensure the privacy and security of personal information.
In the event that personal information is provided to an external contractor (e.g.: Administrator), we take responsibility for ensuring that the external contractor has proper systems in place to protect the privacy of personal information.
Third parties disclosure of Personal Information:
Personal information held by us relating to an individual will be kept confidential but may be provided to third parties the following purpose:
Comply with applicable laws or legal processes.
Investigate and prevent illegal activity, fraud, or violations of terms and conditions.
Protect and defend legal rights or defend against legal claims.
Facilitate business or asset transactions, such as financing, mergers, acquisitions, or bankruptcy.
With our related parties (e.g.: administrators) that are subject to appropriate data protection obligations
Representatives, agents or custodians appointed by the client (e.g.: Auditors, accountant)
Retention of Personal Information:
Disclosure, correction and termination of usage shall be carried out upon request of an individual in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.
Personal information collected will be retained for no longer than is necessary for the fulfilment of the purposes for which it was collected as per applicable laws and regulations.
Rights of the Individual:
Under relevant laws and regulations, any individual has the right to request access to any of the personal data that we hold by submitting a written request. Individuals are also entitled to request to correct, cancel or delete any of the personal data we hold if they believe such information is inaccurate, out of date or we no longer have a legitimate interest or lawful justification to retain or process.
×
Disclaimer
Heyokha Brothers Limited is the issuer of this website and holds Type 4 (advising on securities) and Type 9 (asset management) licenses issued by the Securities and Futures Commission in Hong Kong.
The information provided on this website has been prepared solely for licensed intermediaries and qualified investors in Hong Kong, including professional investors, institutional investors, and accredited investors (as defined under the Securities and Futures Ordinance). The information provided on this website is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as investment advice, nor an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any security, investment product, or service.
Investment involves risk and investors may lose their entire investment. Investors are advised to seek professional advice before making any investment decisions. Past performance is not indicative of future performance and the value of investments may fluctuate. Please refer to the offering document(s) for details, including the investment objectives, risk factors, and fees and charges.
Heyokha Brothers Limited reserves the right to amend, update, or remove any information on this website at any time without notice. By accessing and using this website, you agree to be bound by the above terms and conditions.
